Brief quoted material (less than seventy-five words) can be run into text and set off by quotation marks. Block quotations of seventy-five words or more should be set apart as an extract. Block quotes or extracts must be double-spaced, without beginning and ending quotation marks, on a narrower measure than the text proper.

Use single quotation marks for a quotation within another quotation that is run into the text. Use double quotation marks for a quotation within a block quote. The source of all direct quotations should be given immediately following the quotation, using a numbered superscript note.

Your quotations should match their sources word for word, and it is imperative that you check all of them in the final manuscript. Any explanatory comments made by you within the quoted material should be set off in brackets, not in parentheses. Occasionally you may wish to call attention to a specific word or phrase in a quotation by italicizing the word and then alerting the reader to your amendment either in a note or by adding, “italics added” in brackets immediately following the italicized word(s) or at the end of the quote. Omissions in quoted material are indicated by ellipsis, which is simply three equally spaced dots in place of the material that has been omitted.